APA style

In this course, we use the reference style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA). Below you will find the reference formats of several types of publications in APA style. The references should be placed at the end of your paper, but before the appendices (if any). The references should be listed alphabetically.

For every publication type, we provide the generic structure of the reference and an example. Include the digital object identifier (DOl) in the reference if one is assigned.

Book

Author, A. (year). Title of Book. Location: Publisher.

Walrath, C., Bruns, E., Anderson, K., Glass-Siegel, M., & Wiest, M. D. (2000). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia: Ballière Tindall.

 

Book chapter

Author, A. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Name, & A. Name (Eds.), Title of the Book (pp. pages). Location: publisher. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Roy, A. (1995). Psychiatric emergencies. In H. I. Kaplan, & B. J. Sadock (Eds.), Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (pp. 1739-1752). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.). Personnel Research Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140-146). doi:10.1037/10762-000

 

Journal article

Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author C. C. (year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, volume(issue), pages. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Baldwin, C. M., Bevan, C., & Beshalske, A. (2000). At-risk minority populations in a church-based clinic: Communicating basic needs. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 6(2), 26-28.

 

Conference / workshop paper

As a book chapter:

Published proceedings Author, A. (year,). Title of paper. In Editor Names (Eds.) Title of Conference Proceedings (pp. pages). Location: Publisher.doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Katz, I., Gabayan, K., & Aghajan, H. (2007). A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras. In J. Blanc-Talon, W. Philips, D. Popescu, & P. Scheunders (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 4678. Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems (pp. 97-108). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74607-2_9

As conference/workshop proceedings:

Author, A. (year). Title of the paper. Proceedings of the …, Location of conference/workshop, pages. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Weerd, I. van de, Brinkkemper, S., Nieuwenhuis, R., Versendaal, J., & Bijlsma, L. (2006). Towards a reference framework for software product management. Proceedings of the 14th International Requirements Engineering Conference, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 312-315.

 

Internet source

For electronic materials that are NOT duplicates of print sources (e.g., an organization's web site, an electronic-only journal, etc.), you must provide a retrieval date (because such an electronic source may not be stable; i.e., it may change) and a URL.

Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of the website. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL

Dunbar, C. (2004). Aging in place gracefully. Nursing Spectrum. Retrieved December 2, 2004, from http://community.nursingspectrum.com/MagazineArticles/article.cfm?AID=13219

 

Dissertation

If published:

Use the same reference structure as for a book.

If not published:

Author, A. (year). Title of the Dissertation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University name, location. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL

Wilfley, D. E. (1989). Interpersonal Analysis of Bulimia: Normal-Weight and Obese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Technical report

Author, A. (year). Title of the Report (report number). Location: Publisher.

Kinney, M. R. (1967). The Abbreviated Citation - A Bibliographical Problem (ACRL Monograph No. 28). Chicago: American Library Association.